This is the first book for more than 100 years focusing on Chinese freshwater bivalves. Over 1000 species names covering 7 families are treated, concluding that altogether 126 names represent valid species. Five species new to science are described. Wherever possible we try to show type material of the respective species and to give information where it is deposited. Beside this, each species is extensively described and its known distribution in China is given. Lists of synonyms are provided for each valid species. The book contains more than 350 figures, many of which were made by the authors based on recently collected bivalves from China.